drought

Displaying 1 - 5 of 5

Genetics of yield components for drought tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

Drought tolerance is a polygenic trait, with a complicated phenotype, often confused by plant phenology. Breeding for water stress is more complex since there are many types of abiotic stresses, such as drought, heat and salt. High yielding wheat genotypes viz., Miraj-06, 9452, 9469, 9272, 9277, CMS-127 and three testers Chakwal-50,
Kohistan-97 and Aas-11 were crossed in line ? tester mating design. Seed obtained from crosses was evaluated in field conditions for various agronomic traits under drought conditions. Recorded data were subjected to analysis of variance to determine the genetic variability. The data were analyzed statistically and combining ability
studies were tested using line ? tester analysis to find the relationship between different traits of wheat. High significant differences were observed among the lines and testers for yield related traits under stress conditions.

The female line 9452 proved to be best line on the basis of mean performance of traits under water stress. In case of testers, the male parent variety Chakwal-50 retained its performance in maximum number of traits closely followed by Aas-11. The cross combination 9272 ? Aas-11 proved best for attaining highest mean for most of
traits. In case of GCA effects line 9277 and tester Aas-11 proved best. The cross combinations 9277 ? Chakwal-50, 9452 ? Kohistan-97 exhibited highest SCA effects. The superior genotypes and crosses can be combined to develop new promising and improved varieties under water stress conditions.

Ashraf

University of Agriculture, faisalabad

Keywords:

drought

Co-authors:

ihsan khaliq

Poster or Plenary?:

Poster

BGRI Year:

2018

Primary Author First Name:

Sharmin

Displayed onsite?:

Improvement of drought and salt tolerance of wheat genotypes under field conditions by high throughput precision phenotyping

Food crisis is a major concern in Egypt, where drought and saline soils are ubiquitous. Wheat is a staple food in Egypt, which is only moderately tolerant to drought and salinity. Due to its rapidly increasing demand, there is an urgent need in Egypt to enhance wheat yields under drought and salinity conditions. Improving salinity or/and drought tolerance of genotypes is inhibited by a lack of efficient evaluation methods. High throughput precision phenotyping provides an innovative technology to screen for enhanced salt or drought tolerance from a large of number of genotypes under field conditions and can have immediate value to plant breeding. Therefore, we have tested several wheat phenotyping techniques i.e., canopy temperature (CT), spectral reflectance (SR), chlorophyll content (SPAD value), crop ground cover, relative water content (RWC), Water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), leaf area index (LAI), crop morphological traits, and grain wheat yield and yield components. We documented strong correlation/linear regression/polynomial regression between the wheat phenotyping techniques and in-season biomass/grain yield. It could be concluded that the documented results confirmed that several landraces were selected as drought/salinity tolerant out of 762 wheat landraces wheat were screened. Using high throughput precision phenotyping could provide an innovative technology and can have immediate value to plant breeding.

Abdelhamid

National Research Centre

Keywords:

drought

Co-authors:

Ibrahim El-Metwally

Poster or Plenary?:

Poster

BGRI Year:

2018

geographic_area:

Egypt

Primary Author First Name:

Magdi

Displayed onsite?:

Utilization of Jordanian durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp durum) landraces for crop improvement in dry areas

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) landraces are rapidly disappearing from the main wheat production areas in the Fertile Crescent. Such local landraces are most likely contain geographically specific, ectopically adapted alleles or gene complexes for their harsh environments. A panel of 156 durum wheat landraces and released varieties were assembled from historical collections deposited in national and international gene banks and from a recent active collection mission from selected areas across Jordan. The panel were evaluated under field conditions in two different locations for one growing season. Data for days to heading, plant height, peduncle length, number of spikes spike length, spike weight, grains number, grains weight, number of kernels per spike and thousand-kernel weight were recorded. Results indicate the existence of a wide variation between the tested genotypes for all tested agronomical traits. For heading date, the Jordanian landrace "JDu103" was the earliest under dry environment conditions. Regarding grains weight and spike weight, the Jordanian landrace "JDu105" produced the highest mean value under humid conditions. Another landrace "JDu46" produced the longest spikes and the highest TKW mean value, while the Jordanian landrace "JDu105" produced the heaviest spikes weight mean value, while "JDu100" produced the highest grains number. For molecular analysis, total genomic DNA was extracted from each genotype and then used for SNP genotyping using Illumina iSelect wheat 90k SNP chip. Structure analysis showed that the analyzed durum wheat panel can be divided into three genetically distinct subgroups. The GWAS analysis identified 93 significant markers-traits associations for multiple traits with two QTLs located at 7A and 7B, which seems important for TKW in durum wheat under dry environments. In conclusion, the Jordanian landraces used in this study showed wide genotypic and phenotypic variability, which can be considered by plant breeders for their future use in breeding programs.

Al-Abdallat

Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan

Keywords:

drought

QTL

Co-authors:

Moneer Mansour, Nasab Rawashdah, Rabei Sayaydeh

Poster or Plenary?:

Poster

BGRI Year:

2018

Abstract Tags:

durum wheat

Primary Author First Name:

Ayed

Poster ID number:

Displayed onsite?:

Yes

Molecular dissection of below and above ground adaptation traits for abiotic tolerance of durum wheat

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is a major cereal crop grown globally. The terminal reduced moisture and heat occurring at the flowering phase are among the main constraints to its production. The molecular basis of tolerance to these threats remains mostly unknown. A subset of 100 genotypes derived from a collection of 384 accessions originating from different countries were investigated for their root growth and architecture under water-limited and well-watered treatments. Two protocols were used, "clear pot" for seminal root angle and "pasta strainer" for mature root angle evaluation. This study reveals that root architecture did not change depending on water treatment. A genotypic variation in root angle was found and two categories of root types were identified: genotypes with (i) superficial and (ii) deep rooting systems. In order to investigate the impact of each root type on yield, all genotypes were tested in the field at multiple locations and under different water regimes. The same set was also tested for heat tolerance in the field under rainfed conditions. Heat was imposed by placing a polytunnel at flowering time to raise the temperature of 10 degrees. The yield, thousand kernel weight and grain number per spike, were evaluated and compared to assess grain fertility, considered as a key trait of heat tolerance. The complete set was genotyped and a genome scan using 8173 SNPs markers developed by 35K Axiom array allowed to identify the genomic regions influencing drought and heat adaptation mechanisms. The pyramiding of this genomic regions could lead to an improved resilience to climate change and increase durum wheat productivity.

El Hassouni

Mohamed 5th University / ICARDA

Keywords:

drought

Co-authors:

Samir Alahmad, Ayed Al-Abdallat, Lee Hickey, Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf, Bouchra Belkadi, Filippo Maria Bassi

Poster or Plenary?:

Poster

BGRI Year:

2018

Abstract Tags:

durum wheat

Primary Author First Name:

Khaoula

Poster ID number:

100

Displayed onsite?:

Yes

Identification of stripe rust resistant selections from wheat landraces currently under cultivation in Turkey

The International Winter Wheat Improvement Program (Turkey-CIMMYT-ICARDA) conducted a national inventory of wheat landraces in Turkey from 2009-2014. The material in this study were landraces from 10 provinces (Afyon, Aksaray, Burdur, Eskişehir, Karaman, Konya, Kütahya, Nevşehir, Niğde and Uşak) collected in 2009-2010, head-rowed and increased for evaluation in a yield trial in 2012-2013 in Konya province (200 entries, 2 replicates). Drought tolerant cultivars Karahan-99 and Gerek-79 served as checks, each repeated 8 times. The average yıeld of selections from the landraces was 2.95 t/ha compared to 3.7 t/ha for Karahan-99 and 2.8 t/ha for Gerek-79. The mean yıeld of the ten best landrace selections was 3.9 t/ha. In separate disease tests 5% and 11% of selections from the landraces were resistant and moderately resistant to stripe rust, respectively. Four landraces selections (Sahman-Aksaray, Kırmızı Buğday-Uşak, Kobak-Kütahya, Koca Buğday-Burdur) had higher grain yield than Karahan-99 and Gerek-79 and were resistant to stripe rust. There is some likelihood that this resistance is of a durable nature. The selected lines can be used in breeding programs targeting improved dryland performance while improving durability of stripe rust resistance in modern cultivars.

Ozer

Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute, Turkey

Keywords:

Primary Author Email:

emel.ozer@gthb.gov.tr

Keyword