Turkey

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Aecial infection status of Berberis spp. in Kastamonu province of Turkey

Berberis species are important alternate hosts and generate new races of stem rust fungus, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and yellow (stripe) rust fungus Puccinia striiformis. Berberis species are common in Kastamonu province of Turkey. In 2016 and 2017, surveys were conducted in Kastamonu province in order to elucidate aecial infection status of Berberis species in this region. In 2016, the central region and A?l?, Ara?, Daday, ?hsangazi, Seydiler, Ta?k?pr? and Tosya regions and in 2017 central region and Ara?, Daday, Han?n?, P?narba??, Seydiler, Ta?k?pr? and Tosya regions of Kastamonu province were investigated. It appears that there are at least two different Berberis species exist in that area. Berberis species showed variation in terms of fruit color and morphological characters. In 2016, 50 Berberis plants were examined and aecia were present in 38 plants (76%). Percentage of plants parts infected with aecia ranged between 3-80%. In 2017, 64 Berberis plants were examined. Aecia were present in 34 plants (53%). Percentage of plants parts infected with aecia ranged between 3-85%. Aecia were mainly observed on leaves but also observed on other plant parts including flower parts, fruit and young twigs. The role of these aecia and Berberis spp. on rust diseases in Kastamonu province of Turkey should be investigated.

This study was supported by General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Turkey (Project No: TAGEM-BS-15\12-01\02-02).

Akci
Central Research Institute for Field Crops, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
Keywords: 
stem rust
Turkey
Co-authors: 
Aziz Karakaya
Poster or Plenary?: 
Poster
BGRI Year: 
2018
geographic_area: 
Turkey
Primary Author First Name: 
Nil?fer
Displayed onsite?: 
No

Optimizing winter wheat traits to improve resilience to a changing environment in rainfed crop systems of Turkey and Iran

Erratic weather patterns associated with climate change pose unique challenges for wheat breeders playing a key part in the fight to ensure global food security. Within the rainfed winter wheat areas of Turkey and Iran this erratic weather patterns may prevent attaining maximum potential increases in winter wheat genetic gains. This is primarily related with the fact that the ranking of tested varieties may greatly change from one year to the other. Erratic weather patterns may interfere with breeders decision on the ideotype(s) they should aim for during selection. To support breeding decisions, this study aimed at optimizing major traits through modelling different combinations of environments and defining probabilities of the range of variation of traits (phenology and pant height) that maximized grain yields. Optimal phenology was found to be highly related with the temperatures at which the winter wheat varieties were exposed at around heading time (20 days before and after heading). Specifically later winter wheat varieties were exposed to higher temperature both before and after heading and this exposure had a negative effect on grain filling duration and final grain yield. Finally, the use of at least five different wheat varieties in one production field (with different phenology and plant height) was compared to a field with monoculture to test for improved resilience. It was concluded that by selecting one best wheat variety in a wide range of environments it was possible to maximize grain yield and that using a set of diverse varieties was not beneficial.

Lopes
CIMMYT
Co-authors: 
Emel Ozer, Mehmet Karaman, Mozaffar Roustaii, Jalal Kamali
Poster or Plenary?: 
Poster
BGRI Year: 
2018
geographic_area: 
Turkey
Iran
Primary Author First Name: 
Marta
Displayed onsite?: 
No

Reactions of spring wheat genotypes in crossing block nursery to stem, leaf, and stripe rust

Rusts (Puccinia spp.) are the most significant disease affecting wheat yield and quality in Turkey. Knowing the resistance status of wheat genotypes in crossing program is an important issue for breeding programs. The aim of the study was to determine of the resistance of the 106 wheat genotypes consisting of Crossing Block Spring Wheat (CBSW) nursery developed by the International Winter Wheat Improved Project (IWWIP). For this purpose, adult plant and seedling test were conducted for yellow rust while only seedling test were conducted for leaf and stem rust. Evaluations were carried out at the research facilities of CRIFC at İkizce and Yenimahalle in Ankara in the 2014 season. For adult plant reactions; the genotypes were inoculated with local Pst populations (virulent on Yr2,6,7,8,9,25,27,Sd,Su,Avs). Stripe rust development on each entry were scored using the modified Cobb scale when the susceptible check Little Club had reached 80S infection severity in June, 2014. Coefficients of infections were calculated and values below 20 were considered to be resistant. For seedling test; the seedling was inoculated with local Pgt (avirulent on Sr24, Sr26, Sr27, and Sr31), Pt (avirulent on Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, and Lr28) and Pst populations. Stripe, leaf and stem rust development on each entry were scored after 14 days with 0-4 and 0-9 scale for leaf-stem rust and yellow rust, respectively. In seedling stage, thirty nine (37%), 47 (44%), and 20 (19%) genotypes were resistant to local Pgt, Pt, and Pst populations, respectively. In adult plant test, 46 (43%) genotypes were resistant to Pst.  The resistance genotypes to stem, leaf, and stripe rust were determined with this research.

 

Mert
The Central Research Institute for Field Crops, Turkey
Keywords: 
Turkey
stem rust
stripe rust
leaf rust
Primary Author Email: 
mert_zafer@yahoo.com
Poster or Plenary?: 
Poster
BGRI Year: 
2015
Abstract Tags: 
Rust
geographic_area: 
Turkey

Rust reactions of lines in a wheat crossing block developed by the Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute in 2014

Rusts and drought are the principal yield-limiting factors for wheat production in the Central Anatolian region of Turkey. The aim of the study was to determine resistance sources in a crossing block of drought tolerant lines. Seedling tests involving all three rusts were carried out at CRIFC, Yenimahalle, in 2014. Inoculations were made with local Pgt (avirulent on differentials with Sr24, Sr26, Sr27 and Sr31), Pt (avirulent on differentials with Lr9, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr28) and a local Pst population. Reactions were scored 14 days post-inoculation on 0-4 (LR and SR) or 0-9 (YR) scales. Seventeen (19%) genotypes were resistant to stripe rust, 11 (12%) were resistant to leaf rust, and 17 (19%) were resistant to stripe rust.

Akan
The Central Research Institute for Field Crops, Turkey
Keywords: 
Turkey
Primary Author Email: 
kadir_akan@hotmail.com
Poster or Plenary?: 
Poster
BGRI Year: 
2015
Abstract Tags: 
Breeding
geographic_area: 
Turkey

Rust responses of some Turkish, white grained, bread wheat genotypes in preliminary yield trials

Bread wheat is the most important cereal crop in Turkey. Rusts (caused by Puccinia spp.) are the most significant diseases affecting wheat yield and quality on the Central Anatolian Plateau. The purpose of this study was to identify the reactions of 198 Turkish, white seeded, winter wheat genotypes developed by the Central Research Institute for Field Crops (CRIFC) and entered in preliminary yield trials. Adult plant and seedling tests were conducted for stripe rust whereas only seedling tests were conducted for leaf rust and stem rust. Evaluations were carried out at CRIFC, İkizce and Yenimahalle, in the 2014 season. For adult plant stripe rust assessments the materials were inoculated with a local Pst population (virulent on differentials carrying Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr25, Yr27, YrSd, YrSu, and YrA). Stripe rust development on each entry was scored using the modified Cobb scale when the susceptible check Little Club had reached 80S in June 2014. Coefficients of infection were calculated and values below 20 were considered to be resistant. Seedlings were inoculated with local Pgt (avirulent on differentials with Sr24, Sr26, Sr27 and Sr31), Pt (avirulent on differentials with Lr9, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr28) and the Pst population. Reactions were scored for each entry at 14 days post-inoculation on standard 0-4 (LR and SR) or 0-9 (YR) scales. At the seedling stage, 56 (28%), 43 (22%), and 31 (31%) genotypes were resistant to SR, LR and YR, respectively. Eighty three (42%) lines were resistant to YR at the adult stage.

 

Akan
Central Research Institute for Field Crops, Turkey
Keywords: 
Turkey
bread wheat
Primary Author Email: 
kadir_akan@hotmail.com
Poster or Plenary?: 
Poster
BGRI Year: 
2015
Abstract Tags: 
Breeding
bread wheat
geographic_area: 
Turkey
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