Chromosome Location
1BL (Baker and McIntosh, 1973; McIntosh, 1980). Sr14 is located very close to the centromere.
Low Infection Type
1N to 3C.
Environmental Variability
Lowest responses associated with Sr14 are produced under high temperature and high light conditions (Luig, 1983; Gousseau et al., 1985). These appear to enhance the distinct necrosis which is very characteristic of this gene (Knott, 1989).
Origin
T. turgidum var. dicoccum cv. Khapli. Sr14 and other genes were transferred to the hexaploid cv. Steinwedel, resulting in cv. Khapstein (Waterhouse, 1933).
Pathogenic Variability
Maximum levels of avirulence are produced by relatively few isolates in most geographic areas. Under high temperature and high light conditions slight reductions in infection type and some necrosis can be detected with many pathogen cultures normally considered virulent (RA McIntosh, unpublished 1975). Luig (1983) reported possible instances of avirulence in European, Israeli and South African cultures, whereas Huerta-Espino (1992) observed avirulence in occasional cultures from Ethiopia and Ecuador. In North America avirulence is limited to race 56.
Reference Stocks
i: Khapstein/10*Marquis (Kao and Knott, 1969); Line A = W2691*2/Khapstein (McIntosh, 1980).
v: Khapstein Sr2 Sr7a Sr13 (Knott, 1962b).
tv: Khapli emmer Sr13.
Source Stocks
Possibly present in some durum wheats where it is combined with other genes such as Sr9e, Sr9d, Sr13 or Srdp2. Sr14 is probably present in the USA durum cv. Yuma (AP Roelfs, pers. comm. 1993).
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| Seedling leaves of (L to Ft): Khapli emmer, Khapstein, Marquis + Sr14 (= Khapstein/10*Marquis), Line A and W2691; infected with pt. 126-5, 6, 7, 11 [P14] and incubated at 23/28°C. A. and B. show symptoms on the upper and lower leaf surfaces, respectively. Necrosis is more evident on the upper surfaces. Both Khapli emmer and Khapstein carry Sr13 which is also effective against this culture. Necrosis associated with Sr14 is influenced by temperature and light and can be induced to a limited extent with most Australian pathotypes at high temperatures. | |
Use in Agriculture
Sr14 has rarely been deployed in commercial wheats.